Fortiming晶体谐振器XCS21-26M000-1E10C10的基本技术

石英晶体谐振器（通常称为“晶体”）因其无与伦比的高Q值、稳定性、小尺寸和低成本组合而广泛用于频率控制应用。已经研究了许多不同的物质作为可能的谐振器材料，但是多年来，石英谐振器在满足精确频率控制的需求方面一直是优选的。与其他谐振器相比，例如LC电路、音叉之类的机械谐振器以及基于压电陶瓷谐振器或其他单晶材料的谐振器，石英谐振器具有独特的综合性能。

首先，单晶石英的材料特性在时间、温度和其他环境变化下极其稳定，并且从一个样本到另一个样本具有高度可重复性。石英的声学损耗或内部摩擦非常低，这直接导致石英谐振器的关键特性之一，即其极高的Q因子。石英的本征Q值约为1071兆赫时。安装的谐振器通常具有几万到几十万的Q因子，比最好的LC电路好几个数量级。

石英晶体谐振器在电子学中的重要性在于其极高的Q值、相对较小的尺寸和优异的温度稳定性。

石英晶体谐振器利用石英的压电特性直接压电效应是指机械应力作用下某些材料产生的电极化效应。逆效应是指同一材料在电场作用下产生的变形。

在石英晶体谐振器中，在两个电极之间放置一薄片石英，其相对于晶体轴以适当的方向切割。施加在这些电极上的交流电压会使石英同时振动。伴随而来的极化变化构成了通过谐振器的电位移电流。

当外加电压的频率接近石英薄片的机械共振频率之一时，振动的振幅变得很大。伴随的位移电流也会增大，因此器件的有效阻抗会减小。在石英晶体谐振器作为晶体振荡器的频率控制元件的应用中，阻抗随共振附近频率的变化而迅速变化是关键因素。

在电气方面，石英晶体可以用图1中的等效电路表示，其中串联组合r1、l1和c1表示压电效应对阻抗的贡献，c0表示电极之间的并联电容以及任何杂散保持器电容。电感l1是石英质量的函数，而电容c1与其刚度相关。电阻r1是石英和安装装置损耗的结果。等效电路的参数测量精度可达1%左右。

等效电路的电抗频率图如图2所示。晶振性能的相关公式有很多，其中第一个是fs。这是晶体串联共振的频率，由下式给出： 

其中fs以赫兹表示，l1以亨利表示，c1以法拉表示。 

典型晶体参数值

校准公差

校准公差是晶体在特定温度、基准温度（通常为25°C）下频率的最大允许偏差。

频率稳定性

晶振不稳定有多种原因。温度变化和质量的物理变化导致了我们称之为老化的长期漂移，这可能是我们最关心的问题。

通过适当选择晶振切割和（对于严格的公差要求）在晶振电路中包括与温度相关的电抗，或在小烤箱中保持恒定温度，可将温度变化的影响降至最低。at-cut晶体是当今应用最广泛的晶振，因为它们的频率-温度曲线家族很容易以低成本为所有应用（除了最苛刻的应用）提供良好的性能。

未补偿的AT切割晶体可以在-10°C到60°C的范围内规定公差为±5ppm，更宽的温度范围需要更大的公差，如图3所示，显示了AT切割频率温度曲线的典型系列这些曲线可以用三次方程表示，并且强烈依赖于石英坯料的切割角度零温度系数的点称为上下拐点通过选择切割角度，可以将一个转折点放置在需要的位置；然后固定另一个转折点，因为这两个转折点在20°~30°C范围内的某个点上是对称的。转弯点之间的坡度随着它们一起移动而变小。设计用于烘箱的晶体被切割，以便上转折点与烘箱工作温度一致。

图4显示了几个低频切割的频率-温度曲线。J-cut在10kHz以下使用，而XY-cut可以在3kHz到85kHz之间使用。可在10KHz范围内使用NT切割。dt-cut适用于100khz至800khz左右，ct-cut适用于300khz至900khz。

负载电容

晶振可以由其制造商在fr处进行校准，在fr处它们看起来是电阻的（或非常接近fr的fs），或者在与电容性负载共振时，它们当然必须是电感的。后一种情况称为负载共振，通常用符号fl表示；更具体地说，符号f30，例如，表示晶体与30pF电容性负载共振的频率。

晶体电抗曲线上需要校准的点由电路结构决定一般来说，振荡器中的非反相保持放大器需要在fr处校准，而反相放大器需要在“负载电容”cl的某个值处校准。后一种配置依赖于电感晶体以及与之共振的负载电容，提供180度的相位偏移。

该规则最常见的例外是，当小电容器（例如变容二极管）与非反相放大器电路中的晶体串联以提供一定程度的频率调整时。在这种情况下，必须用电容的平均值校准晶体的共振。

 可拉性 

晶体的可拉性是在给定的负载电容变化下测量其频率变化的一种方法。这通常表示为串联谐振频率（fr）和负载谐振频率（fL）之间的差异该偏移量可使用分数负载谐振频率偏移量（dl）以百万分之几计算，即给定值cl时，从fr到fl的实际频率变化。

  其中C1，C0和CL均以相同单位表示。图5显示了频率变化相对于负载电容变化的影响的典型曲线。

 另外，通常将晶体的可拉性表示为修整灵敏度，单位为ppm / pF负载电容变化。 通过ppm / pF给出：

其中C1，C0和CL以pF为单位，并且在图6中以图形方式显示了（C0 + CL）的各种值。

About Crystal parameters description,Crystal Project Name

AT Cut Crystals

For precise frequency control in radio and line communication systems, quartz crystal resonators have proved indispensable. The material properties of crystalline quartz are such that quartz resonators display stableness and Q factors that cannot be matched by other types of resonator over the frequency range from 1 MHz to 200 MHz.

Equivalent Circuit

Fig-1 shows the conventionally accepted equivalent circuit of a crystal resonator at a frequency near its main mode of vibration. The inductance LI reiperesents the vibrating mass, the series capacitance CL the compliance of the quartz element and the resistance Rl the internal frication of the element, mechanical losses in the mounting system and acoustical losses to the surrounding environment.

The shunt capacitance Co is made up of the static capacitance between the electrodes, togettier with stray capacitances of the mounting system. 

There are two zero-phase frequencies associated with this simple circuit, one is at series resonance fs, another at antiresonance fa. When used in an oscillator, crystal units will operate at any frequency within the broken lines of Fig-2 as determined by the phase of the maintaining circuit.

By changing of this reactive condition, the crystal frequency may be trimmed in a limited extent. The degree to which this frequency may be varied (frequency pulling) is inversely proportional to the capacitance ratio r(C〇 /Ci).

Load Capacitance

Many practical oscillator circuits make use of a load capacitor CL in series or parallel with the crystal, either in order to provide a means for final frequency adjustment, or perhaps for modulation or temperature compensation purposes. For the crystal load capacitance. We looking into the circuit through the two crystal terminals, the load capacitance need to specified when the crystal is paralleled mode, crystal load capacitance is calculated as below: 

Frequency Pulling

In many applications a variable capacitor (trimmer) is used as the load reactive element to adjust the frequency. The fractional frequency range available between specified values of this load reactive element is called the pulling range (PR.) and it can be calculated by using the following formula: 

Sensitivity

A useful parameter to the design engineer is the pulling sensitivity (S) at a specified value of load capacitance. It is defined as the incremental fractional frequency change for an incremental change in load capacitance. It is normally expressed in ppm/pF (10-6/pF) and can be calculated from the formula: 

It is very important to define the mean load capacitance to enable the actual crystal frequency be set within the tolerances of the specified nominal frequency. It is also important to use, wherever possible, standard values of load capacitance; for example:20pF, 30pF.

Fig-3 shows the relationship between LO.; P.R. and S. 

Frequency Pulling Calculation

An approximation to the pulling for any crystal can be calculated from this simple formula:

Resistance

The equivalent circuit of the crystal has one other important parameter: This is Ri, the motional resistance. This parameter controls the Q of the crystal unit and will define the level of oscillation in any maintaining circuit. The load resonance for a given crystal unit depends upon the load capacitance with which that unit is intended to operate. The frequency of oscillation is the same in either series or parallel connection of the load capacitance.

If the external capacitance is designated the load resonance resistance may be calculated as follows:

The equivalent shunt or parallel resistance at load resonance frequency is approximately: 

It should be remembered that Ri does not change thus the effective parameters of any user network can be readily calculated.

Frequency Temperature Characteristics

The AT-cut crystal has a frequency temperature characteristic which may be described by a cubic function of temperature. This characteristic can be precisely controlled by small variations in the exact angle at which the crystal blank is cut from the original quartz bar. Fig,4 illustrates some typical cases. This cubic behaviour is in contrast to most other crystal cuts, which have parabolic temperature characteristics.

As a consequence, the AT-cut is generally the best choice when specifying a unit to operate over a wide temperature range, and is available in a range of frequencies from 1 to 200 MHz.

台湾NSK晶振公司不仅生产石英晶振,石英晶体谐振器,晶体振荡器,温补晶振,压控晶体,还生产陶瓷谐振器(Ceramic Resonator),陶瓷滤波器(Ceramic Filter),ZTA陶瓷晶振,ZTT陶瓷晶振,3.58M,6M,4M,8M,16M,24M,27M频率均有现货供应.ZTA晶振可从低频1M到50MHZ,主要应用于电视遥控器,风扇遥控器,USB,鼠标等产品.

NSK Ceramic Resonator

	NRA ZTA/ MG, MT, MX	DIP	1.8 MHz to 50.0 MHz	10.0*5.0*10.0

	NRE ZTTCV MT, MX	SMD	8.0 to 50 MHz	3.7*3.1*1.2

	NRE ZTTCS MT, MX	SMD	7.0 to 50 MHz	4.7*4.1*1.6

	NRE ZTTCC MG	SMD	2 to 6.99 MHz	7.4*3.4*1.8

	NRD ZTACV MT, MX	SMD	8.0 to 50 MHz	3.7*3.1*1.2

	NRD ZTACS MT, MX	SMD	7.0 to 50 MHz	4.7*4.1*1.6

	NRD ZTACC MG	SMD	2.0 to 6.99 MHz	7.4*3.4*1.8

	NRT ZTT/ MG, MT, MX	DIP	1.8 MHz to 50 MHz	10.0*5.0*10.0

NSK Ceramic Filter

陶瓷滤波器LT4.5MB,LT5.5MB,LT6.5MB可以免提提供样品测试,陶瓷滤波器主要应用于TV/VCR产品等.L10.7M陶瓷滤波器均可在线供应.

	NRF LT4.5MB	DIP	4.43MHz to 6.5MHz	5*3.2

	NRF LTCA/CV	SMD	10.7MHz	6.9*2.9*1.5

	NRF JT4.5MD	DIP	4.5MHz to 6.5MHz	9.0*5.0*10.0

	NRF JT4.5MC	DIP	4.5MHz to 6.5MHz	9.0*5.0*10.0

NRF JT10.7M

SMD

10.7MHz

9.0*5.0*7.0

Taiwan NSK Crystal Co., Ltd. not only produces quartz crystal oscillator, quartz crystal resonator, crystal oscillator, temperature-compensated crystal oscillator, voltage-controlled crystal, but also ceramic resonator (Ceramic Resonator), ceramic filter (Ceramic Filter), ZTA ceramic crystal, ZTT ceramic. Crystal oscillator, 3.58M, 6M, 4M, 8M, 16M, 24M, 27M frequency are available from stock. ZTA crystal oscillator can be used from low frequency 1M to 50MHZ, mainly used in TV remote control, fan remote control, USB, mouse and other products.

每天都会接到很多晶振客户的询盘,有的是工厂采购,有的是贸易商采购,有的是EMS代工厂采购员等等.每天都有上百个咨询石英晶振参数报价及拿货订货.也有很多客户经常会"一问三不知",什么是一问三不知,就是我们石英晶振销售人员口中经常说的参数,尺寸,封装.并不是每一个来咨询问料的客户都是能很清楚明白的知道晶振都有哪些参数.这也跟专业性有关吧,毕竟我们是专业做晶振这一块的,对于刚接触晶振的采购人员来说就是一个未知领域,就像我一样,我从事石英晶振销售三年有余,虽然说是从事电子行业的人员,但我却对其它电子产品”一概不知”.什么电容电阻二三极管,到现在为止我都还不知道他们到底长啥样.虽然客户发过来的电路板上是会有这些产品出现,但我却认不出来.只能从板子里认出晶振,然后估出大概尺寸,看出哪个品牌.我们公司从事晶振行业18年有余,一直坚守晶振行业这个领域的事业.现在给大家介绍一下<什么是晶振的具体参数>,<晶振的专业术语>.

Every day, I receive a lot of enquiries from crystal customers, some are factory procurement, some are traders, some are EMS foundry buyers, etc. Every day, there are hundreds of consulting quartz crystal parameters and get orders. Many customers often "One question, three don't know", what is one question, three, I don't know, it is the parameters, size, and packaging that we often say in the quartz crystal sales staff. Not every customer who consults can know clearly what crystals are. Parameters. This is also related to professionalism. After all, we are specialized in crystal oscillators. It is an unknown field for purchasers who are just in contact with crystal oscillators. Like me, I have been engaged in the sales of quartz crystal oscillators for more than three years, although I am a person in the electronics industry, but I don’t know about other electronic products. I don’t know what capacitors and diodes are. So far, I don’t know how long they are. Although the customer’s board will be there. These products appear, but I can't recognize them. I can only recognize the crystal oscillator from the board, and then estimate the approximate size to see which brand. Our company is engaged in crystal oscillators. More than 18 years, we remain firmly committed to the cause of the crystal industry in this area and now tell you about .

首先就是我们经常有问到的,标准频率以及频率偏差也称之为精度.(Nominal Frequency and Tolerance)

The first is what we often ask. Standard frequency and frequency deviation are also called accuracy. (Nominal Frequency and Tolerance)

在正确的振荡线路匹配下,从振荡线路输出的频率称之为”公称频率”.石英晶体谐振器的频率通常都是以兆赫兹(MHZ)或者千赫兹(KHZ)来表示.而频率偏差则是在实际批量生产及振荡线路应用上,产品在室内环境25度中都会有一些相对于中心频率的频率误差.这一类的频率容许误差的最大散布值,一般是有ppm(parts per million)或者%(percent)来表示.

Under the correct oscillating line matching, the frequency output from the oscillating line is called the “nominal frequency.” The frequency of the quartz crystal resonator is usually expressed in megahertz (MHZ) or kilohertz (KHZ). The frequency deviation is In actual mass production and oscillating line applications, the product will have some frequency error relative to the center frequency in the indoor environment of 25 degrees. The maximum dispersion value of this type of frequency tolerance is generally ppm (parts per million). Or %(percent) to indicate.

其次就是石英晶振的基本波振荡和倍频振荡模态简称”泛音振动”. (Fundamental and Overtone Vibrations Mode)

The second is the fundamental wave oscillation of the quartz crystal oscillator and the frequency doubling oscillation mode referred to as "overtone vibration". (Fundamental and Overtone Vibrations Mode)

AT切割型的石英晶振主要以厚度剪切振荡模式存在,高次谐振动波与电极区域之间的基本振动共存.由于两个电极的极性相反,在压电石英晶体谐振器中只能激发奇数谐波振动.

The AT-cut quartz crystal oscillator mainly exists in the thickness shear oscillation mode, and the high-order harmonic vibration wave coexists with the basic vibration between the electrode regions. Since the polarities of the two electrodes are opposite, only the piezoelectric quartz crystal resonator can be excited. Odd harmonic vibration.

再然后就是相当主要的负载电容了(Load capacitance),负载电容CL是振荡器通过谐振器两端观察电路时所呈现出的电容量,负载电容形式上与谐振器串联或者并联,对于并联负载情况,CL的存在将影响并联谐振频率,而并联负载谐振频率FL由下面工式给出,所以在咨询型号参数的时候,这个参数必需是客户指定参数.

Then there is a fairly large load capacitance. The load capacitance CL is the capacitance that the oscillator exhibits when observing the circuit through the resonator. The load capacitance is in series or parallel with the resonator. For parallel load conditions. The presence of CL will affect the parallel resonant frequency, and the parallel load resonant frequency FL is given by the following equation, so when consulting the model parameters, this parameter must be the customer-specified parameter.

在晶振购买过程中，这些参数都是用得较多的几个参数了.其实还有很多参数还没介绍完,明日再继续更新最新的晶振参数说明.希望可以帮助那些想要了解晶振,并且采购晶振的客户去了解更多的信息资料.

恒温晶体振荡器OCXO( Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator),是目前频率稳定度和精确度最高的晶体振荡器。它在老化率、温度稳定性、长期稳定度和短期稳定度等方面的性能都非常好,作为精密的时频信号源被广泛用于全球定位系统通信、计量、频谱及网络分析仪等电子仪器中。目前,绝大多数高稳定度晶体振荡器都采用了将晶体恒温的方法,使用精密的恒温控制槽,将槽内温度调节到晶体谐振器的零温度系数点上。这样,能最大限度地克服温度对晶体振荡器频率的影响,被广泛用作标准频率源。恒温晶体振荡器包括以下几个基本组成部分。

The constant temperature crystal oscillator OCXO (Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator) is the crystal oscillator with the highest frequency stability and accuracy. It has good performance in aging, temperature stability, long-term stability and short-term stability. As a precise time frequency signal source, it is widely used in electronic instruments such as global positioning system communication, measurement, spectrum and network analyzer. At present, most high stability crystal oscillators adopt the method of crystal constant temperature, and use the precise constant temperature control slot to adjust the temperature in the slot to the zero temperature coefficient point of the crystal resonator. In this way, the effect of temperature on the crystal oscillator frequency can be maximally overcome, and is widely used as a standard frequency source. The constant temperature crystal oscillator includes the following basic components.

1.High precision quartz crystal resonator

1.高精度的石英晶体谐振器

Quartz crystal resonator is the core component of oscillator circuit. The correct choice of tangential angle is a necessary condition for making quartz resonators with good frequency and temperature coefficient, especially the quartz resonator used in a wide temperature range. At present, there are two kinds of quartz resonators used in constant temperature crystal oscillator, AT and SC. They have the characteristics of small frequency temperature coefficient, high Q value and low aging effect.

石英晶体谐振器是振荡电路的核心元件。正确选择切角是制作频率温度系数好的石英谐振器的必要条件,特别是在宽温度范围内使用的石英谐振器更是如此。目前恒温晶体振荡器中常用的石英谐振器有AT切和SC切两种。它们具有频率温度系数小,Q值高,老化效应小等特点。

2. stable oscillating circuit

2.稳定的振荡电路

As the constant temperature crystal oscillator requires high frequency stability, the stability of the oscillating circuit itself is also decisive in addition to a certain temperature control precision in the temperature control circuit. The basic function of the oscillating circuit in a thermostatic crystal oscillator is to convert the DC energy into an alternating current with a certain frequency, amplitude and high stability. This conversion is carried out with the participation of quartz resonators. The most prominent problem is the stability of frequency. Therefore, the analysis and design of oscillatory circuits take this as the premise.

由于恒温晶体振荡器要求频率稳定度高,除了在控温电路方面要达到一定的控温精度外,振荡电路本身稳定性也是起决定性作用的。恒温晶体振荡器中振荡电路的基本功能就是把直流电能转变成具有一定频率、幅度且频率高度稳定的交流电能,这种转换是在石英晶体谐振器的参与下进行的。其中最突出的问题就是频率的稳定性。所以分析、设计振荡电路都以此为前提。

3. precision thermostat box with perfect structure and good temperature control

3.结构完善、温控良好的精密恒温箱

The precision thermostat is a constant temperature system composed of thermostat, temperature control circuit and other auxiliary devices. In a crystal oscillator, the quartz resonator and the relevant circuit elements are kept at constant temperature. The function of the quartz resonator is to stabilize the temperature of the quartz resonator at the turning point temperature of the quartz resonator, so as to give full play to the small frequency temperature coefficient of the quartz resonator near the turning point temperature, so that it can be used reasonably. The design of a constant temperature slot which meets the requirements and the selection of a good temperature control circuit plays an important role in stabilizing the frequency. Therefore, a high stable crystal oscillator, not only should have stable oscillating circuit, but also must have a good performance thermostat to ensure the stability of the frequency, both are indispensable. With the gradual improvement of the stability requirements of the crystal oscillator, the demand for temperature control precision of the thermostat is getting higher and higher. At present, the temperature control accuracy of the constant temperature box should be within 0.001 centigrade at the frequency stability of the crystal oscillator at the order of 100~10.
With the continuous improvement of communication technology, the demand for constant temperature crystal vibration is becoming more and more high, making it constantly towards high precision and high stability, low noise and high frequency, low power, fast start, miniaturization.

精密恒温箱是由恒温槽,温度控制电路及其它辅助装置组成的恒温系统。在晶体振荡器中,用来使石英谐振器和有关电路元件保持恒温。其作用是把石英晶体谐振器的温度稳定在石英谐振器的拐点温度处,从而充分发挥拐点温度附近石英谐振器的频率温度系数小的特性,使其得到合理使用。设计一个符合要求的恒温槽和选择一个性能良好的温度控制电路对稳定频率起着举足轻重的作用。因此一个高稳定的晶体振荡器,不但应具有稳定的振荡电路,而且还必须有性能良好的恒温箱来保证其频率的稳定,两者缺一不可。随着对晶体振荡器稳定度要求的逐步提高,对恒温箱的控温精度要求也越来越高,目前,频率稳定度在100~10量级的晶体振荡器,其恒温箱的温度控制精度应在0.001℃以内。

随着通信技术的不断提高,对恒温晶振的要求越来越高,使其不断向着高精度与高稳定化,低噪声与高频化、低功耗、快启动、小型化方向发展。

TranskoCrystal晶振公司是一家位于加利福尼亚洲内阿纳海姆的频率元器件制造公司.主要以振荡器模块为主要生产目标.从最初的石英晶体谐振器制作到引进高端TCXO晶振及VCXO晶振的生产设备.1993年在美国的加利福尼亚州拉古纳山开设制造工厂.以下是Transko晶振石英晶体系列型号说明.

图片	型号	符合RoHS	规格封装	频率偏差	频率
	CS12	合规	1.2 X 1.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±7ppm /±10ppm	36.000MHz~80.000MHz
	CS1610	合规	1.6 X 1.0陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±20ppm	32.768kHz
	CS16	合规	1.6 X 1.25陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±5ppm	24.000MHz~60.000MHz
	CS2012	合规	2.0 X 1.2陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±20ppm /±50ppm	32.768kHz
	CS21	合规	2.0 X 1.6陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±5ppm	16.000MHz~60.000MHz
	CS22	合规	2.5 X 2.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±5ppm	12.000MHz~80.000MHz
	CS31	合规	3.2 X 1.5陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm	32.768kHz
	CS32	合规	3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±5ppm	10.000MHz~156.250MHz
	CS32H	合规	3.2 X 2.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±20ppm	20.000MHz~300.000MHz
	CS41	合规	4.1 X 1.5陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm	32.768kHz
	CS42	合规	4.0 X 2.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±10ppm	12.000MHz~50.000MHz
	CS52	合规	4.9 X 1.8陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm	32.768kHz
	CS53A	合规	5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±5ppm	7.3728MHz~270.000MHz
	CS53B	合规	5.0 X 3.2陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±10ppm	7.3728MHz~156.250MHz
	CS63A	合规	6.0 X 3.5陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±5ppm	7.000MHz~200.000MHz
	CS63B	合规	6.0 X 3.5陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±10ppm	7.000MHz~200.000MHz
	CS63C	合规	6.0 X 3.5陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±10ppm	7.000MHz~200.000MHz
	CS71	合规	7.0 X 1.5塑料 4 PAD SMD	±20ppm	32.768kHz
	CS75	合规	7.0 X 5.0陶瓷 4 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±10ppm	6.000MHz~160.000MHz
	CS83	合规	8.0 X 3.7塑料 4 PAD SMD	±20ppm	32.768kHz
	CS84	合规	8.0 X 4.5陶瓷 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±10ppm	8.000MHz~80.000MHz
	TS-SMD	合规	12.5 X 4.6塑料 4 PAD SMD	±15ppm /±20ppm	3.579MHz~70.000MHz
	SMTF	合规	5.2 X 1.4 SMD贴片晶振	±20ppm	30.000kHz~200.000kHz
	HC49 / SMD	合规	薄型 模压SMD基座  2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±20ppm	3.000MHz~150.000MHz
	UM / SMD	合规	薄型 模压SMD基座 2 PAD SMD	±10ppm /±20ppm	4.000MHz~40.000MHz
	HC49 / SMD4	合规	薄型 模压SMD基座 4 PAD SMD	±5ppm /±10ppm	3.500MHz~100.000MHz
	HC49 / S	合规	薄型 2针通孔	±10ppm /±10ppm	3.000MHz~150.000MHz
	HC49 / U	合规	2针通孔	±5ppm /±5ppm	1.800MHz~176.000MHz
	UM-1	合规	2针通孔 微型	±5ppm /±5ppm	4.000MHz~200.000MHz
	1 X 5	合规	1.5 X 5.1 圆柱音叉	±20ppm	32.768kHz
	2 X 6	合规	2.0 X 6.3 圆柱音叉	±20ppm	32.768kHz（STD） （30kHz~360kHz可用）
	2 X 6SMD	合规	2.0 X 6.3圆柱形 SMD	±20ppm	30kHz~360kHz
	3 X 8	合规	3.1 X 8.3 圆柱音叉	±20ppm	32.768kHz（STD） （30kHz~360kHz可用）
	3 X 9	合规	3.1 X 9.3 圆柱音叉	±15ppm /±20ppm	4.000MHz~50.000MHz

TranskoCrystal is a frequency component manufacturing company located in Anaheim, California. It mainly uses oscillator modules as the main production target. From the initial production of quartz crystal resonators to the introduction of high-end TCXO crystal and VCXOCRYSTAL oscillator production equipment. In 1993, we opened a manufacturing plant in Laguna Hills, California, USA. The following is a description of the Transko crystal quartz crystal series.

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